![orcaflex elastic solid model orcaflex elastic solid model](https://www.orcina.com/webhelp/OrcaFlex/Content/image/Shapes.png)
Some materials stretch and squash quite easily. The change in shape must surely occur, but to the unaided eye it's imperceptible. By contrast, the reported tensile strength of bulk cubic diamond is Experimental results and ab initio calculations indicate that the elastic modulus of carbon nanotubes and graphene is approximately equal to 1 TPa.show that when nanoscale single-crystal diamond needles are elastically deformed, they fail at a maximum local tensile strength of ~89 to 98 GPa. The strength of a material is a measure of its ability to withstand a load without breaking.Which means that pascal is also the SI unit for all three moduli. The SI unit of stress is the newton per square meter, which is given the special name pascal in honor of Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) the French mathematician (Pascal's triangle), physicist ( Pascal's principle), inventor (Pascal's calculator), and philosopher (Pascal's wager). The direction of the forces may change, but the units do not. Stresses on solids are always described as a force divided by an area. Some American textbooks have decided to break with tradition and use the first letter of each modulus in English - Y for Young's, S for shear, and B for bulk. The international standard symbols for the moduli are derived from appropriate non-English words - E for élasticité (French for elasticity), G for glissement (French for slipping), and K for kompression (German for compression). There are three basic types of stress and three associated moduli. Elastic moduli are properties of materials, not objects. The coefficient that relates a particular type of stress to the strain that results is called an elastic modulus (plural, moduli). Where strain refers to a change in some spatial dimension (length, angle, or volume) compared to its original value and stress refers to the cause of the change (a force applied to a surface). This is Hooke's law for a spring - a simple object that's essentially one-dimensional. Most likely we'd replace the word "extension" with the symbol ( ∆ x), "force" with the symbol ( F), and "is directly proportional to" with an equals sign ( =) and a constant of proportionality ( k), then, to show that the springy object was trying to return to its original state, we'd add a negative sign ( −).
![orcaflex elastic solid model orcaflex elastic solid model](https://www.mdpi.com/jmse/jmse-09-01130/article_deploy/html/images/jmse-09-01130-g010.png)
Recall Hooke's law - first stated formally by Robert Hooke in The True Theory of Elasticity or Springiness (1676)…Įxtension is directly proportional to force. Elasticity is the property of solid materials to return to their original shape and size after the forces deforming them have been removed.